Technical Data

Heavy Oil Burner Operation and Maintenance FAQ

Q1: During equipment operation, the heavy oil injection is unstable, the flame fluctuates in size, and combustion is noticeably unsteady. How should this be addressed?

Root Causes

• The burner nozzle is clogged with oil residue and impurities, affecting heavy oil atomization and injection.

• The ambient temperature is too low, causing wax deposition inside the fuel oil pipeline and obstructing the flow.

• The oil temperature in the storage tank has not reached the required working level, resulting in excessive viscosity and poor fluidity.

Standardized Troubleshooting and Solutions

1. Close the air control valve and observe the combustion flame in the furnace in real time to initially locate the fault.

2. Increase the set point of the temperature controller to raise the oil temperature in the tank, while repeatedly fine‑tuning the flow regulator to clear the oil circuit.

3. If injection remains unstable after the above steps, dismantle the burner gun and thoroughly clean the clogged nozzle to restore normal atomization and injection capability.

Q2: The equipment exhibits insufficient fuel supply, or the compressed air supply is interrupted or has inadequate pressure. What is the inspection approach?

Root Causes

• The oil circuit filter has not been maintained for a long time; impurities block the filter element, causing poor fuel flow.

• The operating pressure in the main fuel supply line deviates from the rated value, affecting supply efficiency.

• The float mechanism in the oil tank has mechanical failure, disrupting liquid level monitoring and fuel interlocking.

Standardized Troubleshooting and Solutions

• Dismantle and clean the oil circuit filter element, removing all oil slag and solid impurities.

• Connect an external pressure gauge to measure the actual pressure of the main supply line and adjust it to the rated range of the equipment.

• Inspect and repair the oil tank level float, correcting any mechanical sticking or signal abnormalities.

Q3: The oil level in the storage tank is abnormally high, and the automatic level control system fails. How should it be serviced?

Root Causes

• The mechanical level float is stuck or deformed, unable to follow normal oil level changes.

• The electronic level float has a signal offset, causing distorted level measurement.

• The solenoid valve at the tank inlet is faulty, unable to open or close normally to cut off oil inflow.

Standardized Troubleshooting and Solutions

• Service the mechanical float: correct components, clean sticky oil deposits, and restore the mechanical linkage.

• Perform zero and span calibration on the electronic float to correct measurement errors.

• Check the opening/closing action of the inlet solenoid valve under power; replace the valve if the core is damaged or the seal fails.

Q4: The combustion air supply pressure is continuously below the standard value, causing oxygen deficiency and incomplete combustion. How to resolve this?

Root Causes

• The combustion air pressure switch has a detection failure, sending erroneous pressure feedback signals.

• The frequency converter parameters for the fan have been mistakenly altered, resulting in insufficient fan speed.

• The fan impeller is clogged with dust, the air duct is damaged with leakage, or the pipeline is obstructed by debris.

Standardized Troubleshooting and Solutions

• Calibrate the combustion air pressure switch, adjusting the pressure alarm and trip setpoints.

• Refer to the equipment factory parameters to restore and optimize the frequency converter settings to match air supply requirements.

• Thoroughly inspect the fan unit, clean blockages in the air passages, and repair or replace damaged air ducts.

Q5: The oil temperature in the tank consistently fails to reach the working standard, remaining persistently low. Where is the fault located?

Root Causes

• The main heating switch for heavy oil in the control cabinet is not closed, so the heating system is not in operation.

• The temperature controller parameters are set incorrectly, with the target heating temperature too low.

• The built‑in heating tubes have aged, broken down, or short‑circuited, providing no heating power output.

Standardized Troubleshooting and Solutions

• Inspect the heating circuit switch in the main control cabinet to ensure it is closed and in working status.

• Reset the temperature controller’s heating setpoint according to the process requirements to match the required heavy oil working temperature.

• Use a multimeter to test the continuity and insulation of the heating tubes, and directly replace any damaged or failed heating elements.

Q6: After a normal equipment shutdown, upon restarting, no heavy oil flows out of the nozzle. What is the cause?

Root Causes

• After shutdown, residual heavy oil in the pipeline cools and solidifies, blocking the oil passage.

• Oil sludge adhering to the inner wall of the flexible fuel hose accumulates over time, causing local blockage.

Standardized Troubleshooting and Solutions

• Perform a comprehensive cleaning and maintenance of the entire oil circuit, focusing on all filters, flexible hoses, oil line joints, and all pipeline accessories. Thoroughly remove solidified heavy oil and sludge deposits to ensure the entire circuit is fully unobstructed.

Q7: After startup, no heavy oil is sprayed out at all, and ignition cannot occur. What is the emergency troubleshooting procedure?

Root Causes

• The fuel oil pump output pressure is insufficient, failing to establish delivery pressure.

• The oil tank is empty or the main supply line is cut off, with no heavy oil available.

• The combustion air fan is malfunctioning, providing no auxiliary air supply.

• The furnace temperature is below the auto‑ignition temperature of heavy oil, not meeting ignition conditions.

Standardized Troubleshooting and Solutions

• Service the fuel oil pump: check pump pressure and sealing, and rectify low pressure issues.

• Inspect the main supply line section by section for oil interruption or leakage, and refill the tank as needed.

• Overhaul the combustion air fan to restore normal air delivery.

• Monitor the furnace temperature in real time; start the ignition sequence only after the furnace temperature reaches the required auto‑ignition level for heavy oil.